解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Healthy humans regulate daily water balance remarkably well across their lifespan despite changes in biological development and exposure to stressors on hydration status. Acute or chronic body water deficits result when intakes are reduced or losses increase, but day-to-day hydration is generally well maintained so lo...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00152.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of heterocyclic amines that are mutagens and rodent carcinogens form when meat is cooked to medium and well-done states. The precursors of these compounds are natural meat components: creatinine, amino acids, and sugars. Defined model systems of dry-heated precursors mimic the amounts and proportions of hetero...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00133.x
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between vitamin C (and other antioxidant vitamins) and cancer risk. However, the mechanisms accounting for prevention have not been extensively investigated. In skin, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) exerts different biological roles, including photoprotective effects and...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00125.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients in the intensive care unit are at high risk of glutamine depletion and subsequent complications. Several controlled studies and a meta-analysis have concluded that glutamine supplementation has beneficial effects on the clinical outcome of critically ill and surgical patients. These results may be explained b...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00123.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment in the United States. Currently there is no effective cure for this disease. Risk factors include decreased lutein and zeaxanthin status and obesity. Obesity is also an increasing public health concern. The alarming increase in the prevalence...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00105.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years it has been suggested that patients with celiac disease can be adequately followed up on the basis of merely clinical and serological response to a gluten-free diet. Thus, a duodenal biopsy some months after commencement of a gluten-free diet would no longer be necessary. We report here the case of a c...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00062.x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observational studies have found that diets rich in whole-grain foods are associated with improved insulin sensitivity. The improved insulin sensitivity may be mediated in part by magnesium and dietary fiber, two nutrients found in whole-grain foods. By incorporating whole-grain foods into the diet, therefore, insulin...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00054.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences among ethnic and racial groups in obesity-related traits have been clearly established in the scientific literature. To explore the genetic component underlying these differences, the genetic admixture approach has been used. In this approach, ancestry informative genetic markers are used to estimate a qua...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00091.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines the speed of change in diet, activity, and obesity in the developing world, and notes potential exacerbating biological relationships that contribute to differences in the rates of change. The focus is on lower- and middle-income countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. These ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00084.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milk intake is considered an important determinant of peak bone mass; consequently, its intake early in life may decrease risk of osteoporotic fractures later. Using the milk history questionnaire, many investigators have conducted retrospective cross-sectional studies and have determined a positive effect of milk int...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr2004.jun256-260
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the numerous polyphenols isolated from green tea, the catechin EGCG predominates and is the target of anticancer research. But studies suggest that EGCG and other catechins are poorly absorbed and undergo substantial biotransformation to species that include glucuronides, sulfates, and methylated compounds. Nume...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00041.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese is an essential nutrient that also may be toxic at high concentrations. Subjects chronically exposed to manganese-laden dust in industrial settings develop neuropsychological changes that resemble Parkinson's disease. Manganese has been proposed as an additive to gasoline (as a replacement for the catalytic ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00037.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin resistance is the core metabolic abnormality in type 2 diabetes. Its high prevalence and its association with dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and high coronary and cerebrovascular mortality put it in the forefront as the plausible target for aggressive intervention. Measurements of insulin sensit...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.dec.397-412
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of maternal vitamin A supplements in decreasing the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission has been examined in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, there is no reduction in either mortality or HIV transmission in two recent studies. Contrary to expectations, one study reported an increased risk of transmission usi...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.aug.280-284
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoflavones present in soy may have risk and benefits to human health. Human gut microflora have been shown to exert metabolic activities on isoflavones, which influences bioavailability and bioactivity. Absorption of isoflavones is likely to occur in the small intestine where there is a diverse range of microfloral s...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.jun.204-213
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the environmental impact of genetically modified crops through discussion of environmental risk assessment and includes several case studies. Influence of European regulatory and political issues is considered. ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.jun.S105-S109
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention to the different types of carbohydrates and their role in health and disease is relatively recent. FAO and WHO jointly published a report on carbohydrates in human nutrition in 1998, with a number of recommendations about increasing carbohydrate intake as a sound approach to the prevention of obesity. The gl...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.may.S34-S39
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, the number of individuals who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis is increasing greatly. The "triple trouble" of HIV and tuberculosis infection and malnutrition may put those infected at greater risk than those with any of the three conditions alone. Further investigatio...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.marr.81-90
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal, but not premenopausal, development of breast cancer. Evidence for a positive association between obesity and breast cancer mortality is mounting. Avoiding adult weight gain and maintaining a healthy body weight may contribute importantly to decreasing breast ca...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/nr.2003.febr.73-76
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antimicrobial peptide hepcidin has been implicated in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Hepcidin is theorized to be a key link between body iron stores and the appropriate modulation of dietary iron absorption. ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/00296640260385900
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Body adiposity is known to be carefully regulated and to remain relatively stable for long periods of time in most mammalian species. This review summarizes old and recent data implicating insulin and leptin as key circulating signals to the central nervous system, particularly the ventral hypothalamus, in communicati...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/002966402320634797
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Metabolic Syndrome, also known as Syndrome X, refers to a constellation of atherosclerotic risk factors, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, essential hypertension, and abdominal obesity. We review four major published studies involving animals and humans that may be linked together in a ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/002966402320583398
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucokinase plays a major role in the control of hepatic glucose uptake and storage as glycogen. Small amounts of fructose-1-phosphate, in the presence of relatively high glucose levels, markedly stimulate glucokinase through a novel mechanism of regulation involving dissociation from a regulatory protein and transloc...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/002966402320289377
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of kidney stones in individuals with low calcium intake. More recently, a 5-year clinical study found the recurrence of kidney stones was higher in stone-formers on a low dietary calcium treatment. Considering these important new findings, and the known ad...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/00296640260184291
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::International nutrition will become increasingly concerned with evaluation of nutritional status at the community level to diagnose situations of risk for nutrient deficits and excesses, and to monitor the impact of remedial interventions. Advances in biologic concepts and technology (particularly miniaturization of a...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/00296640260130876
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The burden of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries is high. Each year, 600,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes and 62 million women suffer from morbidity and complications of pregnancy. The extent to which maternal nutrition can improve maternal health and survival is not well understood. E...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/00296640260130759
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary fat facilitates the utilization of carotenoids and, based on serum beta-carotene or retinol responses following ingestion of meals containing carotene and fat sources, it has been reported that the amount of fat required in a meal may be minimal (approximately 3-5 g). However, the dietary fat requirement for o...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/00296640260085831
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food fortification is an important strategy to combat iron and zinc deficiency. This review covers the basic concepts of food fortification, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. The main characteristics of the most common zinc and iron compounds used in this procedure are also analyzed. ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/00296640260085958
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although body weight is considered to positively affect bones of children and adults, recent studies suggest that overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence reduce bone mineral content below what would be predicted based on weight and are associated with an increase in incidence of childhood fractures. ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1301/002966402760240327
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among dietary factors implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), the inverse relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and CRC risk has long been believed to represent the strongest epidemiologic evidence. However, recently published large prospective studies have produced conflicting results...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06969.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Convincing epidemiologic evidence currently exists for an association between physical activity and the prevention of colon and breast cancer Physical activity may also reduce the risk of cancer at several other sites. With increasing research on this topic, it is apparent that studies of physical activity and cancer ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06962.x
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two recent studies suggest that when consuming a low-calcium diet, low efficiency of calcium absorption (measured as fractional calcium absorption) is a problem in the elderly; this is also an important risk factor for hip fracture. These studies show that elderly women are less able to compensate for low calcium inta...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06959.x
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper transport at the cellular level is achieved by a coordinate series of interactions between passive and active membrane transport proteins, vesicles, and soluble peptides. Knowing the function of each component of this complex network has made the task of delineating the mechanism of intracellular copper homeost...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07017.x
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional genomics, commonly applied to the genes and enzymes involved in metabolism of chemicals, can also be applied to enzymes involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Although in its infancy, genomics can be used to determine relationships between nutrition and toxicology, drug metabolism, and cancer. ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb05510.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study indicates that lowering homocysteine with folic acid and vitamin B6 significantly reduces the incidence of abnormal exercise electrocardiography tests and thus decreases the risk of atherosclerotic disease. Questions about study design and sample size, however, suggest that this conclusion may be premat...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07016.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combining data from two large-scale prospective observational studies in women and men, investigators link the consumption of fruits and vegetables to the risk of ischemic stroke. Of interest is their breakdown of these foods into cruciferous vegetables and citrus fruit juice, which confer the greatest protection. ...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb01902.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lipoprotein lipase gene is highly polymorphic, and several common mutations have been associated with an increased atherogenic lipid profile. One of these, Asn291Ser, was also found to be associated with increased ischemic heart disease in women. More recently, this same mutation, present in approximately 5% of th...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01826.x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continually expanding evidence has moved inexorably toward establishing key functions for cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in retinoid metabolism. These experimental data integrate into a model of CRBP as a chaperone that protects retinol from the cellular milieu and interacts with certain retinoid-metabolizing...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01870.x
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a case of an African-American child with vitamin D-deficient rickets. In addition to being solely breast-fed for the period of 1 year, he resided in New England, where exposure to ultraviolet light is limited owing to its northern latitude and long cold winters. He presented with classical signs of nutritio...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01867.x
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin E per unit serum cholesterol has been found to correlate with memory performance in a recent analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because vitamin E is thought to be protective against vascular disease, this finding is consistent with the growing body of evidence tha...
journal_title:Nutrition reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb07540.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00